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Sunday, 24 November 2013

Solution of Linear Eqns in three dimensions

The solution of the following set of equations has been well studied.

a1x+a2y+a3z=d1b1x+b2y+b3z=d2c1x+c2y+c3z=d3

The most popular method of solving this is through determinants.

In todays article I am putting a different form and solution. for the above equations.
Changing the form of these equations to Vectors

We get
A.r=d1B.r=d2C.r=d3

Where
A=a1i+a2j+a3kB=b1i+b2j+b3kC=c1i+c2j+c3kr=xi+yj+zk

. is the usual dot product in vectors
i,j,k are unit vectors
It occurs to me that the solution for the above could be
r=(B×Cd1+C×Ad2+A×Bd3)A×B.C

I have coarsely checked this for correctness by solving using determinants and have found
similar result.

The method of coming to the above solution is as below

C×B.A.r=C×Bd1C×A.B.r=C×Ad2A×B.C.r=A×Bd3

An implicit associativity is assumed above which is not correct. The above three equations are added and we get

[C×B.A+C×A.B+A×B.C].r=C×Bd1+C×Ad2+A×Bd3

Hence from the above after rearranging we get r=C×Bd1+C×Ad2+A×Bd3A×B.C+C×B.A+C×A.Breduces tor=(B×Cd1+C×Ad2+A×Bd3)A×B.C
as the other two components are of opposite sign and cancle each other
The below is true since they represent the volume of the parallelopiped formed by vectors A,B,C. Assuming the vectors are cyclic in order in 3D space. Then A×B.C=B×C.A=C×A.BA×B.C=B×A.CB×C.A=C×B.AC×A.B=A×C.B


The above solution could be extended for dimensions higher than three. In this I am not covering the same.

Alternate solution to arriving at the aboev formula

Assuming that the solution to the above equation is of the form without any loss of generality
r=tA×B+uB×C+vC×A
where t,u,v are scalars coefficients.
t,u,v can be solved as below

Substitute r into the original equations
  A(tA×B+uB×C+vC×A)=d1A.A×B=0A.B×C has some valueA.C×A=0
Therefore we get u=d1A.B×CSimilarly for t,v we get t=d2C.A×Bv=d3B.C×A

Since the A.B×C=C.A×B=B.C×A= volume of parallelopipe

Therefore the solution to the linear equation is
Substituting u,t,v in the initial equation we get the following
r=B×Cd1+C×Ad2+A×Bd3A×B.C
RP
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